Repercusión clínica de la aparición de eventos cardiovasculares precoces en pacientes críticos en ventilación mecánica / Clinical repercussion of early cardiovascular events appearance in critically ill patients in mechanical ventilation

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Resultados de un protocolo de manejo sobre la vía aérea artificial en pacientes críticos sometidos a ventilación mecánica / Results of an artificial airway management protocol in critical patients subjected to mechanical ventilation

Objetivo: Conocer los resultados de la implantación de un protocolo de actuación en una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI), sobre pacientes críticos que precisan una vía aérea artificial prolongada. Diseño: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo y observacional. Intervención: Se establecieron estrategias de manejo sobre la vía aérea, mediante intubación endotraqueal (IET) o traqueotomía y se elaboraron pautas de actuación sobre el proceso de decanulación. Ámbito: Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos polivalente. Pacientes: Se estudiaron 169 pacientes sometidos a ventilación mecánica (VM); 67 con IET ≥ 10 días de VM y 102 con traqueotomía percutánea (TP) o quirúrgica (TQ). Variables de interés: Estancias UCI y hospitalaria, días de IET y VM, mortalidad, traqueotomía, factores de riesgo anatómicos, complicaciones quirúrgicas, postquirúrgicas y período de decanulación. Resultados: La IET presentó menos días de VM (17 vs. 30 días, p < 0,001), menor estancia en UCI (20 vs. 35 días, p < 0,001) y hospitalaria (34 vs. 51 días, p < 0,001) frente a traqueotomía. Se realizaron más TQ en pacientes con factores de riesgo (47 TP vs. 89% TQ, p < 0,001). La hemorragia leve intraoperatoria fue la complicación más frecuente asociándose a TQ (31 vs. 11%, p = 0,03). La TP se asoció a un menor período con cánula (25 días vs. 34 días, p < 0,04). Conclusiones: Las variantes de actuación del protocolo no presentaron diferencias en cuanto a complicaciones y mortalidad, orientando a su utilidad en el manejo de pacientes de características similares

Objective: To determine the results of the implementation of a protocol in an intensive care unit (ICU) referred to critically ill patients requiring a prolonged artificial airway. Design: A prospective, observational cohort study was carried out. Intervention: Management strategies were established on the airway by endotracheal intubation (ETI) or tracheostomy, and guidelines were developed for action in the decannulation process. Setting: A polyvalent ICU. Patients: We studied 169 patients subjected to mechanical ventilation (MV), 67 with ETI ≥ 10 days of MV and 102 with percutaneous (PT) or surgical tracheostomy (TQ). Variables of interest: ICU and hospital stays, days of ETI and MV, mortality, tracheostomy, anatomical risk factors, surgical complications, and postoperative decannulation period. Results: ETI versus tracheotomy involved fewer days of MV (17 vs. 30 days, p<0.001), a shorter ICU stay (20 vs. 35 days, p<0.001), and a shorter hospital stay (34 vs. 51 days, p<0.001).There were more TQ procedures in patients with risk factors (47% TP vs. 89% TQ, p<0.001). Intraoperative minor bleeding was the most common complication, being associated with TQ (31% vs. 11%, p = 0.03). TP was associated with a shorter cannulationperiod (25 days vs. 34 days, p<0.04). Conclusions: The protocol variants showed no differences in terms of complications and mortality, when orienting application to patients with similar characteristics

[Results of an artificial airway management protocol in critical patients subjected to mechanical ventilation]. / Resultados de un protocolo de manejo sobre la vía aérea artificial en pacientes críticos sometidos a ventilación mecánica.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the results of the implementation of a protocol in an intensive care unit (ICU) referred to critically ill patients requiring a prolonged artificial airway. DESIGN: A prospective, observational cohort study was carried out. INTERVENTION: Management strategies were established on the airway by endotracheal intubation (ETI) or tracheostomy, and guidelines were developed for action in the decannulation process. SETTING: A polyvalent ICU. PATIENTS: We studied 169 patients subjected to mechanical ventilation (MV), 67 with ETI ≥ 10 days of MV and 102 with percutaneous (PT) or surgical tracheostomy (TQ). VARIABLES OF INTEREST: ICU and hospital stays, days of ETI and MV, mortality, tracheostomy, anatomical risk factors, surgical complications, and postoperative decannulation period. RESULTS: ETI versus tracheotomy involved fewer days of MV (17 vs. 30 days, p<0.001), a shorter ICU stay (20 vs. 35 days, p<0.001), and a shorter hospital stay (34 vs. 51 days, p<0.001).There were more TQ procedures in patients with risk factors (47% TP vs. 89% TQ, p<0.001). Intraoperative minor bleeding was the most common complication, being associated with TQ (31% vs. 11%, p = 0.03). TP was associated with a shorter cannulationperiod (25 days vs. 34 days, p<0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The protocol variants showed no differences in terms of complications and mortality, when orienting application to patients with similar characteristics.